THE CANDIUM LAB

Introduction
The purpose of this lab was to use a candium model to explain the concept of atomic mass and to analyze the isotopes of candium and calculate its atomic mass.

Hypothesis
We think that the gobstoppers will weigh more than the others and that the sixlets will weigh the least.

Materials

• sample of candium
• balance

Procedures

1. Obtain sample of candium
2. Separate it into its 3 isotopes. (Peanut M&Ms, reese's, skittles)
3. Determine the total mass of each isotope.
4. Count the numbers of each isotope.
5. Record data and calculations in the data table and create a data table that has the following

                        1. average mass of each isotope
                        2. percent abundance of each isotope
                        3. relative abundance of each isotope
                        4. relative mass of each isotope
                        5. average mass of all isotopes
                 ( your data table should have five columns and seven rows)
Data

Discussion
We separated the different kinds of candy, found the mass of each type, counted the numbers of each type, and recorded it on a data table.
ISOTOPE: One of two or more atome having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
    On thing we learned is that it is important to make sure the amount of candy stays constant so the data is correct.
    Some possible errors that could have occurred  in the collection of data would be if some of the candy           was lost after you counted them or if the candys were not the same size or not whole.

Conclusion
Our hypothosis was right the gobstoppers mass was greater than all and the sixlets had the smallest mass.

                

Chemistry Pennium Lab

Questions

    1) Does each penny have the same mass?

    2) Can you identify two "penny isotopes" based on masses of the pennies?  Explain.

    3) What does your data tell you about the relationship between mass of a penny and date of a penny.  Make a generalization.

Hypothesis

   -We believe that you will be able to identify two different pennies because pre-1982 & post-1982 are made with different materials, so they both have different masses

Materials

    1) 1 bag of pennium atoms

    2) Fivecentium

    3) Dimeium

    4) Quarterium
    5) Halfdollium

Procedures

1. Obtain a packet of pennies.
2. Sort the pennies into two groups: pre 1982 &  post 1982
3. Measure the mass of each stack of pennies. Record the mass of each penny stack in a data table. Count the number of pennies in each stack.
4. Measure the mass in grams of a quarter, nickel, and dime. Record these values in a data table.
5. Determine the mass of pre-1982 pennies
6. Determine the mass of post-1982 pennies

                                          DATA:

Conclusion

 We accept our hypothesis because all of the data proves what we decided.

intro to chemicals

Introduction
- The purpose of this lab was for us to get familiar with the labratory

 and to make observations of chemical change

- we hypothisize that there will be a chemical change when you add the salt.  We're not sure why but we think a chemical reaction will happen.

Materials

- copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate- caution, toxic substance scoopula

- 100 ml graduated cylinder

- stirring rod

-thermometer

-small aquare of alluminum foil

Procedures
form a lab group of 2 or 3 people
-go to your lab station after taking all appropriate safety precautions we have discussed in the safety lecture.
- you must wear safety goggles and apron.
-fill beaker with 75 to 100 ml of water
-use the scoopula and scoop one scoop of copper sulfate
-stir with the stirring rod until the copper sulfate is dissolved
-loosely crumple tin foil and put it in the mixture

-stir for 15 seconds

-add one scoop of salt into the mixture

-stir the mixture until the salt is dissolved

-observe the reactions

Data

-We observed many chemical changes during the lab.

 -When we added the salt the tin foil turned red and fell apart and sank, also the temperature of the water went up to 34.5 degrees, before it was staying at 23.5 degrees celcius.

Disscusion

- The tempeture of the sulfate water increased by more than 50%.  And the tin foil turned to copper in a matter of minutes. 

- I learned that the formation of a precipitate is an indicator of a chemical change.  This applies to real life in different ways, any time a precipitate is formed, there is a chemical change.

Conclusion

- We accept our hypothosis that a chemical reaction would happen.  It is proved to be a chemical reaction because there was an increase in tempeture, formation of a precipitate, and a change in color.  These are all indicators of a chemical change.

- An additional discovery we made was that the salt seemed to stick to the tinfoil when we first poured it.  whether that is because of the moisture on it or somthing else. 

- One question we had was what the precipitate was.  Is it rust or copper.

THE EFFECT OF SUGAR AND SALT ON BUBBLES

INTRO

Does adding sugar of salt effect a mixture of soap and water to produce bubbles. I already know that sugar makes water thick and syruppy.

HYPOTHOSIS 

 I think that the sugar will make bigger bubbles because the solution is thicker.  the bubbles wont pop as easily.

MATERIALS

+ 3 plastic cups

+ liquid detergent

+ measuring equipment/cup & spoons

+ water

+ sugar

+ salt

+ straw

PROCEDURES

1. label cups 1,2, and 3

1 teaspoon of soap in each cup fill cup with 2/3 cup of water

2. add 1/2 tsp. of salt to #2 stir

3. add 1/2 tsp of sugar to #3 stir

4. dip straw in cup #1 blow bubble from straw

5. repeat for cup #2 &#3

6. observe bubbles

DATA

1. bubbles seemed to be bigger with sugar, bubbles were frothyer with salt.

DISCUSSION

1. The soap cup was medium, sugar was the biggest, salt was smallest, frothyest. I learned that soap is very bubbly. 1 error would be using same straw for all three cups.

CONCLUSION

I accept my hypothosis that the sugar would make bigger bubbles, because the experiment proves it right.